Chronology: Date 1993

Chronology of the Bahá'í Faith

World Canada
any all exact phrase

Date 1993, descending — sort earliest first

date	event	tags	firsts
1993 24 – 26 Dec 199-	The first summer school of Angola was held in Luanda, attended by more than 20 Bahá'ís. [BINS309:1]	Summer schools; First summer and winter schools; Luanda, Angola; Angola	The first summer school of Angola
1993 24 Dec 199-	It was announced in a Haifa weekly that the Municipality of Haifa had decided to implement a project for the restoration and development of the German Templar Colony under the auspices of the Land Authority of Israel, the Ministry of Tourism and the Municipality of Haifa and will be overseen by the Steering Committee of the City of Haifa. The Architect and the Project Manager of the Arc Project, Mr F Sahba was invited to serve as a member of this Committee and as the Chief Advisor of the Municipality of Haifa for the restoration project. In this capacity Mr Sahba proposed that the centreline of Ben Gurion Street be aligned with the Shrine of the Báb and the Terraces. At that time it was at a deviation of 1.86 meters. [Vineyard of the Lord No 1 January 1994 p7 and No 5 September 1994 p7]	Mount Carmel; - Bahá'í World Centre; Arc project; Templer Society (German Templer colony)
1993 8 Dec 199-	In Iran, death sentences were pronounced against two Bahá'ís on the grounds of their membership in the Bahá'í community. [BW93–4:141–2]	- Persecution, Court cases; * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution; Iran
1993 26 Nov 199-	The National Spiritual Assembly of the Marshall Islands signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Majuro local government in which the operation of administration of five elementary schools was legally handed over to the National Spiritual Assembly. President Amata Kabua was the first head of state to respond to the Peace Statement of the Universal House of Justice. [BINS307:4–5; BW93–4:101, CBN Vol 7 no 1 May/June 1994 p29]	Education; Promise of World Peace (statement); Recognition (legal); Marshall Islands
1993 29 - 31 Oct 199-	The founding conference of the Association for Bahá'í Studies in Russia was held in St Petersburg. [BINS305:5]	Bahá'í Studies, Associations for; Conferences, Bahá'í; - Conferences; St. Petersburg, Russia; Russia
1993 24 Oct 199-	The establishment of the India Hindi Bahá'í Academy (The Rashtriya Bahá'í Uchcha Shiksha Sansthan) in Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh). It was a national institute for higher learning of the Bahá'í Faith. There were three courses of study, a three year Advanced Bahá'í Studies course, a two year, post-graduate, Specialised Course and short courses for 3-5 days. The study scheme employed correspondence courses and campus contact, a programme for personal clarifications for the learners' difficulties. Two question papers were also sent to them in each semester. The evaluation employed a two fold method: Viva voce examination based on the study materials and practical input in the field of service. Paper presentations, self reflection in the form of stories, songs, pictures, etc., and assignments in the active service of the Faith as well as making formal speeches all form a part of the final evaluation. [Bahá'í India website]	Bahá'í study centers; Bahá'í studies; Lucknow, India; India
1993 16 Oct 199-	The passing of Marzieh Nabíl Carpenter Gail, the second child and eldest daughter of the first Persian-American marriage in the Bahá'í Faith between Persian diplomat Ali-Kuli Khan and Boston debutante Florence Breed. (b. 1 April, 1908) [BW1993-1994p320-321, Find a grave] See AY91 for 'Abdu'l-Bahá's praise of her as a child and confirmation and promises for the future. He commented that she had átish (fire) and namak (salt). [AY93] Photo of 'Abdu'l-Bahá with the children of Ali-Kuli Khan and Florence. A translator (Arabic and Persian into English) and author. Poet Roger White would say of his friend: "She is the first lady of Bahá'í literature and I and many writers are indebted to her for leading the way." Translations include: The Seven Valleys and the Four Valleys (1945) and The Secret of Divine Civilization (1957) with her father; Memorials of the Faithful (1971); Selections from the Writings of 'Abdu'l-Bahá (1976) with a Committee at the Bahá'í World Centre; My Memories of Bahá'u'lláh (1982). Author of a dozen Bahá'í and non-Bahá'í books in addition to countless essays, articles, and short stories. Her remembrances of 'Abdu'l-Bahá are contained in The Sheltering Branch (1959), and those of His Exalted Sister in Khanum: The Greatest Holy Leaf (1981). Many of her essays and pioneering stories are contained in Dawn Over Mount Hira (1976) and Other People, Other Places (1982). As well she wrote "Six Lessons in Islam" (1953), Summon Up Remembrance (1987), Arches of the Years (1991) and, "Bahá'í Glossary" (1955). [Bahá'í Studies Review, Vol 6, 1996] See Obituary: Marzieh Nabil Carpenter Gail (1908-1993): Translator and Author, "Patron Saint" of Women Bahá'í Scholars by Constance M. Chen. Bahaipedia. For a more complete list of her writings and translations see Bahai-library. iiiii	Marzieh Gail; `Alí Kulí Khán; Florence Breed; Bahá'í scholars; - In Memoriam; - Births and deaths; San Francisco, CA; United States (USA)
1993 Oct 199-	The first European Bahá'í Medical Conference was held in De Poort, Netherlands, attended by people from 26 countries. [BW93–4:104–5]	Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Health; - Conferences, International; - First conferences; De Poort, Netherlands; Groesbeek, Netherlands; Netherlands; - Europe	The first European Bahá'í Medical Conference
1993 Oct 199-	The Australian Bahá'í community and the Arrente Aboriginal tribe co-sponsored an intercultural celebration of indigenous peoples, 'Heart of Australia Calling' in Alice Springs to mark UN International Year for the World's Indigenous Peoples. [BW93–4:90]	- Indigenous people; Alice Springs, Australia; Australia
1993 (Fall) 199-	The estimated figures for the total number of individual tablets written by Bahá'u'lláh, 'Abdu'l-Bahá and Shoghi Effendi were as follows but it is known that many texts were lost, stolen, or destroyed, and many others are still held in private hands. Bahá'u'lláh: 7,160 tablets archived 15,000 total estimated to have been written Shoghi Effendi translated about a thousand pages into English in his lifetime. Gleanings contains 166 extracts, Prayers and Meditations 184, but some tablets provided more than one extract, so the total number of tablets that the Guardian used was less than the sum of the extracts in the two books (350). Since this writing the Universal House of Justice has overseen production of The Kitáb-i-Aqdas: The Most Holy Book (1993), Summons of the Lord of Hosts (2002), Gems of Divine Mystery (2002), The Tabernacle of Unity (2006) and Days of Remembrance (2007), still a relatively small percentage of the total revelation — have been partially translated and published in English. 'Abdu'l-Bahá: 15,549 tablets archived 30,800 total estimated to have been written Shoghi Effendi: 16,370 letters archived 30,100 total estimated to have been written ["Bahá'í Archives: Preserving and Safeguarding the Sacred Texts," in 'Andalíb magazine, 12.48 (Fall 1993) found at: Numbers of Tablets revealed: notes by Robert Stockman and Juan Cole]	Statistics; * Bahá'u'lláh, Writings of; * `Abdu'l-Bahá, Writings and talks of; Shoghi Effendi, Writings of; Shoghi Effendi, Works of; Missing, lost or destroyed Writings
1993 16 Sep 199-	The document Bahá'í Social and Economic Development: Prospects for the Future, prepared at the World Centre, was approved for publication by the Universal House of Justice for use by the Office of Social and Economic Development (OSED) in orienting and guiding the work in this area. Most central to this vision was the question of capacity building. That activities should start on a modest scale and only grow in complexity in keeping with available human resources was a concept that gradually came to influence development thought and practice. [Message from the Universal House of Justice dated 26 November, 2012]	Social and economic development; Capacity building; * Publications; Growth; Bahá'í Faith, Evolutionary nature of; Social action; Office of Social and Economic Development (OSED); - Bahá'í World Centre; Haifa, Israel
1993 28 Aug - 5 Sep 199-	The first time that many religious representatives met with each other was at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago in 1893. The goals of this gathering were: (1) to show "what and how many important truths the various Religions hold and teach in common;" (2) to discover "what light Religion has to throw on the great problems of the present age;" and (3) "to bring the nations of the earth into a more friendly fellowship, in the hope of securing permanent international peace." At the first modern Parliament held in Chicago an Assembly of 250 religious and spiritual leaders endorsed a groundbreaking document, Towards a Global Ethic: An Initial Declaration. One of the speakers was His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama. [Chicago 1993]	Parliament of the World's Religions; Chicago, IL; United States (USA)
1993 26 Aug 199-	The Hungarian Bahá'í Community was registered by the Budapest Court. [www.bahai.hu]	Recognition (legal); Budapest, Hungary; Hungary
1993 Aug 199-	The first International Bahá'í Youth Conference of Belarus was held, attended by 164 people from 16 countries. [BINS299:8; BINS306:7; BW93–4:123]	Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; - Conferences, International; Youth; Belarus; - Europe	First International Bahá'í Youth Conference of Belarus
1993 Jul 25 – 30 199-	The first summer school of Albania was held in Gdem, attended by about 400 Bahá'ís. [BINS299:3]	First summer and winter schools; Gdem, Albania; Albania
1993 Jul 199-	The first Bahá'í Youth Symposium of the Marshall Islands was held in Majuro, attended by youth from six island groups. [BW93–4:124]	Majuro, Marshall Islands; Marshall Islands
1993 Jul 199-	A section of the Bahá'í cemetery in Tihrán was bulldozed to make way for the construction of an Islamic cultural centre. [BW93–4:140] It was first thought that about two thousand Bahá'í graves were desecrated but later revealed that 15,000 graves were destroyed. [BW93–4:140; BW94–5:133]	* Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Destruction; - Persecution; Tehran, Iran; Iran
1993 12 Jun 199-	The Honourable Sir Julius Chan, KBE, Deputy Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea consulted with the Universal House of Justice on the future role of his country as an emerging nation and on the destiny of the Pacific region. [BINS297:9; BW93–4:78] For pictures see BINS297:9 and BW93–4:78	Julius Chan, Sir; Universal House of Justice; Prominent visitors; Papua New Guinea; Haifa, Israel; Pacific
1993 10 – 25 Jun 199-	The Bahá'í International Community and Bahá'ís from 11 countries participated in the United Nations World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna and the parallel meetings for non-governmental organizations. [BINS298:1–2] The representatives from the Bahá'í International Community highlighted the importance of recognizing the universal nature of human rights. A joint statement entitled Promoting Religious Tolerance was presented by the Bahá'í international Community.	United Nations conferences; Human rights; Bahá'í International Community; - BIC statements; Vienna, Austria; Austria
1993 Jun 199-	The bodies of Bahá'ís buried in the Bahá'í section of a Tihrán cemetery were exhumed and taken by lorry to unknown destinations. [BW93–4:153]	Cemeteries and graves; * Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution; Tehran, Iran; Iran
1993 23 May 199-	The first general conference of Health for Humanitarian association of health professionals sponsored by the National Spiritual Assembly of the United States, was held in Evanston, Illinois. [BINS298:7; BW93–4:104]	Conferences, Health; Evanston, IL; Illinois, USA; United States (USA)
1993 23 May 199-	The following Counsellors were appointed to the International Teaching Centre for a five-year term: Mr. Kiser Barnes, Mr. Hartmut Grossmann, Mrs. Lauretta King, Mrs. Joan Lincoln, Mr. Shapoor Monadjem, Mr. Donald Rogers, Mr. Fred Schechter, Mrs. Kimiko Schwerin, Mrs. Joy Stevenson. Retiring members were: Mr. Mas'úd Khamsí and Mr. Peter Vuyiya. [From a message from the Universal House of Justice dated the 13th of May, 1993]	Universal House of Justice; Counsellors; International Teaching Centre, Members of; Kiser Barnes; Hartmut Grossmann; Lauretta King; Joan Lincoln; Shapoor Monadjem; Donald Rogers; Fred Schechter; Kimiko Schwerin; Joy Stevenson; Masud Khamsi; Peter Vuyiya; - Bahá'í World Centre
1993 29 Apr - 2 May 199-	The seventh Bahá'í International Convention at the World Centre. Those elected to the Universal House of Justice were: Mr. Ali Nakhjavani, Mr. Glenford Mitchell, Mr. Adib Taherzadeh, Mr. Ian Semple, Mr. Peter Khan, Mr. Hushmand Fatheazam, Mr. Hooper Dunbar, Mr. Farzam Arbab and Mr. Douglas Martin. [BINS295, BW93-4p51-58] Hugh Chance and David Ruhe announced their retirement. Mr. Chance had served since 1963 and Dr. Ruhe since 1968. [BINS295, BS93-4p57] For a report of the Convention see BW93–4:51–8. For pictures see BW93–4:52, 53, 54, 57. Dr. Farzam Arbab, born in Iran, obtained his doctorate in physics at the University of California, Berkeley. He was the representative for the Rockefeller Foundation in Colombia (1974 to 1983) and the president of the FUNDAEC development foundation there. He was a member of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Colombia and a Continental Counsellor before being appointed to the International Teaching Centre. Mr. Douglas Martin, born in Canada, held degrees in business administration and in history, and was an author and editor. He was a member of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Canada, serving as its chief executive officer from 1965 to 1985 when he was appointed Director-General of the Office of Public Information at the Bahá'í World Centre. [BWNS208]	Universal House of Justice, Election of; Elections; Universal House of Justice, Members of; Conventions, International; `Alí Nakhjavání; Glenford Mitchell; Adib Taherzadeh; Ian Semple; Peter Khan; Hushmand Fatheazam; Hooper Dunbar; Farzam Arbab; Douglas Martin; Hugh Chance; David Ruhe; Bahá'í World News Service (BWNS); - Bahá'í World Centre; Haifa, Israel
1993 Ridván 199-	The first person resident on Norfolk Island to become a Bahá'í enrolled. [BINS293:8]	- First Bahá'ís by country or area; Norfolk Island	The first person resident on Norfolk Island to become a Bahá'í
1993 Ridván 199-	The Local Spiritual Assembly of Leipzig, Germany, was re-formed 56 years after its dissolution during the time the Faith was banned. [BW93–4:82]	Local Spiritual Assembly, re-formed; Leipzig, Germany; Germany
1993 Ridván 199-	The Local Spiritual Assembly of Tbilisi (Tiflis), Georgian Republic, was re-formed. [BINS298:8; BW93–4:82] An assembly existed in the city in the 1930s. [BW93–4:82]	Local Spiritual Assembly, re-formed; Tbilisi, Georgia; Georgia	The Local Spiritual Assembly of Tbilisi (Tiflis), Georgian Republic
1993 Ridván 199-	The Three Year Plan (1993-1996) was launched. [VV142] For statistics about the Bahá'í Faith at the beginning of the Plan see BW92–93p311–314 and BW93–94p323–326. The objectives of the Three Year Plan. [Message 30 September 1992] See BW95-96p65-68 for a summary of the achievements of the Three Year Plan.	Three Year Plan (1993-1996); - Teaching Plans; Statistics
1993 15 Apr 199-	The passing of Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Stanley Theodore Bagley, (b.2 February, 1912 in Bertrand, Missouri). He had been a pioneer to Belgium, France, Guadeloupe, Martinique, the United States as well as Sicily where he and his family, wife Florence, son Gerry and daughters Susan and Carol, received the Knighthood for their service. [BW93-94p319; BWIM63-65]	- Knights of Bahá'u'lláh; - In Memoriam; - Births and deaths; Stanley Bagley; United States (USA); Belgium; France; Guadeloupe; Martinique; Sicily, Italy
1993 10 Apr 199-	The passing of Roger White, writer, editor and "poet laureate" of the Bahá'í community, in Richmond, British Columbia (b. in Toronto on 2 June 1929). Served at the World Centre for some twenty years as a secretary and as manager of the publishing department when many important new volumes were published. Under the supervision of the Universal House of Justice, he was responsible for compiling and publishing volumes XIV to XIX of The Bahá'í World, as well as editing the invaluable compendium of volumes I to XII, published in 1981. Published, at his own expense, a book of poetry called Summer Window for which he did the drawing on the front cover. Another Song, Another Season (1979), The Witness of Pebbles (1981) and a tender and eloquent novel which presented a semi-fictionalized account of the early days of the Bahá'í Faith in Paris, A Sudden Music, was also published by George Ronald in 1983. This was followed by a biographical tribute to the poet Emily Dickinson in the form of more than 100 poems: One Bird, One Cage, One Flight (Naturegraph, 1983). A short, historical account of the martyrdom of 'Alí-Asghár of Yazd entitled The Shell and the Pearl was published by George Ronald in 1984. Occasions of Grace (George Ronald, 1992) was published after he retired from service in Haifa in 1991 following a major heart surgery. He returned to Canada and was diagnosed with terminal cancer shortly after. His last two collected works of poetry were Notes Postmarked the Mountain of God (New Leaf, 1992) and The Language of There (New Leaf, 1992). He also completed the text for Raghu Rai's photographic celebration of the Bahá'í House of Worship in New Delhi, Forever in Bloom. [Bahá'í Studies Review, Vol7, 1997] See Bahá'í World 1994-95 pg249 for an article by Anne Boyles entitled "The Language of the Heart: Arts in the Bahá'í World Community" for mention of Roger White. See The Journal of Bahá'í Studies Vol. 26 no 1-2, 2016 p91 "Reflections on the Art of My Poetry" by John Hatcher. It is based on a telephone interview with him shortly before his passing. For obituary see BW92-93p276 Find a grave.	Roger White; - Poetry; - In Memoriam; Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, Delhi; Lotus temple, New Delhi; Richmond, BC; British Columbia, Canada; Canada
1993 10 – 12 Apr 199-	The first Bahá'í Congress of Catalunya took place in Barcelona. [BW92–3:146]	Barcelona, Spain; Catalonia, Spain; Spain	The first Bahá'í Congress of Catalunya
1993 Apr 199-	The Bahá'í community of Hungary celebrated the 80th anniversary of the visit of 'Abdu'l-Bahá with a conference. In a park near the National Museum in Budapest a plaque was erected to commemorate the talk that 'Abdu'l-Baha gave at that site on the 14th of April, 1913. Some 350 Bahá'ís from 30 countries attended. A tree was planted by Rúhíyyih Kh´num. [www.bahai.hu, SCSC369, 372] At this time there were more than 200 believers in Hungary.	Memorials; `Abdu'l-Bahá, Travels of; Budapest, Hungary; Hungary
1993 21 Mar 199-	The presentation of the first Race Unity Award by the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Canada.	National Spiritual Assembly; Race unity; Race; Canada	first Race Unity Award
1993 13 Mar 199-	Three Bahá'ís were assassinated at the Bahá'í Centre in Mdantsane, Ciskei, in a racially-motivated attack. [BW93–4:147–50]	Assassinations; Racism; Mdantsane, South Africa; Ciskei, South Africa; South Africa
1993 8 Mar 199-	The Bahá'í International Community presented the joint statement entitled Rights of the Child to the 49th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Agenda item 24. (a): Status of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Statement was signed by the following non-governmental organizations in Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC): Anti-Slavery International, Disabled Peoples' International, International Association of Penal Law, International Council of Jewish Women, International Council of Women, International Educational Development, International Movement for Fraternal Union among Races and Peoples, Human Rights Advocates, Planetary Citizens, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.	Rights of the Child; Bahá'í International Community; Geneva, Switzerland
1993 Mar 199-	The English translation of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas was published. [BW92–3:44] [CBN vol 5 no 10 Mar93 pg1] [CoB310-13 UHJ Message 5Mar93] [VV142] For the significance of its publication see BW92–3:45–6. For its place in Bahá'í literature see BW92-3p45-6, p105-118. This date also marks the first publication in the West of Questions and Answers, a document comprising exclusively of answers Bahá'u'lláh revealed in response to questions about the laws of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. See Chronology 1910.	Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book); * Translation; * Publications; - Basic timeline, Condensed; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Risalih-i-Sual va Javab (Questions and Answers, Kitáb-i-Aqdas); Zaynul-Muqarrabin (Mulla Zaynul-Abidin); - Bahá'í World Centre
1993 22 Feb 199-	At the 49th session of the UN Commission on Human Rights, the United Nations in Geneva released a report providing evidence that the Iránian Government had established a secret plan approved by Irán's highest ranking officials including both President Hashemi Rafsanjani and Ayatollah Khomeini's successor, Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, to oppress and persecute the Bahá'í community both in Irán and abroad. Galindo Pohl, special representative in charge of monitoring the human rights situation in Iran, highlights the contents of the secret document written by Iran's Supreme Revolutionary Cultural Council. [BW92–3:139; BW94–5:134] [from Bahá'í Community of Canada Department of Public Affairs press release dated 25 February, 1993]	- Persecution; Hashemi Rafsanjani; `Alí Khamenei; Galindo Pohl; Human rights; United Nations; Iran Memorandum; United Nations; Bahá'í International Community; Iran; Geneva, Switzerland; Switzerland
1993 20 Feb 199-	The first National Youth Conference of Hungary was held in Debrecen, attended by 60 youth. [BINS289:3]	Conferences, Bahá'í; Conferences, Youth; Youth; Debrecen, Hungary; Hungary	First National Youth Conference of Hungary
1993 19 – 21 Feb 199-	The first Bahá'í Winter School of Slovenia and Croatia, the first Bahá'í school to be held in Slovenia, took place in Mozirje, Slovenia, attended by 20 adults and seven children. [BINS289:5–6]	Winter schools; First summer and winter schools; Mozirje, Slovenia; Slovenia; Croatia
1993 16 Feb 199-	A stamp featuring the Seat of the Universal House of Justice was issued by the Philatelic Service of the Israel Postal Authority. [BW92–3:142] For picture see BW92–3:143.	Stamps (philately); Universal House of Justice, Seat of (Haifa); Israel
1993 31 Jan 199-	The opening of the Banani School with 65 students in Chisamba, Lusaka, Zambia. At the time of the school's inauguration on the 18th of May, 1996 there were 120 students, a library, a multimedia computer lab, a swimming pool, and a school bus. It was inaugurated by the William Mmutle Masetlha Foundation under the direction of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Zambia and named after Hand of the Cause Musa Banani. The Primary School was inaugurated on 22 August, 2001. Today the Banani International School is a private, not for profit residential school for 150 girls from Grades 6 through 12. [Website; Wikipedia; Bahaipedia]	Banani School, Zambia; Banani International School, Zambia; - Bahá'í inspired schools; Chisamba, Zambia; Lusaka, Zambia; Zambia
1993 29 – 31 Jan 199-	The first Latin American Bahá'í Social and Economic Development Seminar took place in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. [BINS308:2; BW92–3:139]	Conferences, Bahá'í; Social and economic development; - First conferences; Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Bolivia; Latin America	First Latin American Bahá'í Social and Economic Development Seminar
1993 19 Jan 199-	The Bahá'í Chair for World Peace at the University of Maryland was inaugurated. It was situated in the College of Behavioral and Social Sciences. [BW92–3:140–1] The Bahá'í Chair for World Peace is an academic program that conducts and publishes research with a diverse group of scholars on global issues. The organization's purpose is to study worldwide challenges and discuss solutions that could advance peace and promote tolerance. In addition to conducting academic research and releasing publications, the chair hosts events at the University of Maryland that are available to students, university staff and the general public. Although the chair was inspired by the spiritual teachings of the Bahá'í faith's focus on humanity's unity, the program emphasizes science-based analysis along with the values the Faith provides. [Unwind Magazine]	Bahá'í Chair for World Peace; University of Maryland; Maryland, USA; United States (USA)
1993 17 Jan 199-	The first World Religion Day commemoration to be held in Mozambique took place in Maputo. [BINS290:5; BW92–3:140]	World Religion Day; Maputo, Mozambique; Mozambique	first...The first World Religion Day commemoration to be held in Mozambique
1993 6 Jan 199-	The Universal House of Justice announced the appointment of the International Panel of Spanish Translations of Bahá'í Literature. The panel initially consisted of three competent and experienced believers: Mr. Nabil Perdu of Spain, Mr. Conrad Popp of Chile, and Mrs. Migdalia Diez of Puerto Rico. This group was made responsible for producing authorized Spanish versions of the Bahá'í Writings suitable for all the Spanish-speaking Bahá'ís of the world. [www.bahaipanel.org ; Message from the Universal House of Justice]	Spanish language; * Translation; - Bahá'í World Centre
1993 6 Jan 199-	The passing of John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie (b. 21 October 1917, Cheraw, South Carolina). He was buried next to his mother in Flushing Cemetery, New York. [VV141] His autobiography was entitled "To Be, or Not...to Bop". He had become a Bahá'í in 1968 at the age of 51. See Bahá'í World 1994-95 pg251 for an article by Anne Boyles entitled "The Language of the Heart: Arts in the Bahá'í World Community" for mention of Dizzy Gillespie. Find a grave	Dizzy Gillespie; - In Memoriam; - Births and deaths; Jazz music; - Famous Bahá'ís; Englewood, NJ; New Jersey, USA; United States (USA)
1993 4 Jan 199-	The publication of Asiyih Khanum, The Most Exalted Leaf, entitled Navvab by Baharieh Rouhani Man'ani. It was published by George Ronald. it is a biographical essay of the wife of Bahá'u'lláh, the Founder of the Bahá'í Faith, and mother of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, the Centre of Bahá'u'lláh's Covenant. Her story, little known, is one of strength, patience, long-suffering and devotion to One who was her 'husband, the Lord of Hosts', whom she accompanied through all the vicissitudes of exile and imprisonment.
1993 Jan 199-	Reynaldo Galindo Pohl, the United Nations' special representative in charge of monitoring the human rights situation in Iran, revealed a secret document written by Iran's Supreme Revolutionary Cultural Council providing evidence that the Iranian Government had formulated a plan to oppress and persecute the Bahá'í community both in Iran and abroad. [BW92–3:139; BW93–4:154; BWNS879]	* Persecution, Iran; - Persecution, Other; - Persecution, Human rights; - Persecution; Human rights; United Nations; Iran
1993 Jan 199-	In a commitment to education and the welfare of humanity, the Bahá'ís have setup 60 grassroots Bahá'í literacy schools and 30 Bahá'í primary health care workers were trained and deployed. The largest scale institution is the private school named the Bambino School in Lilongwe. A Bahá'í school started in January 1993 and in 2003 Bambino School had an enrolment of 1,100 from nursery level through secondary school and secretarial college and has high school graduation including taking the International General Certificate of Secondary Education. See BWNS240 from 1963 for a recap of the early Bahá'í history of Malawi.	Bambino School, Malawi; - Bahá'í inspired schools; Lilongwe, Malawi
1993 (In the year) 199-	EBBF (Ethical Business Building the Future) was registered in Paris as an official non-profit association. Its statutes provided that membership was open to Bahá'ís and non-Bahá'ís alike. [ebbf]	European Bahá'í Business Forum (EBBF); Business; Ethical Business Building the Future (EBBF); Paris, France; France
1993 (In the year) 199-	The establishment of the Labranza Training Institute to complement the work of all the socio-economic development projects owned and operated by the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Chile. Located about 680 kms. south of Santiago, in the heart of the agricultural belt of the country, its main purpose was to serve the needs of the rural Mapuche population. The operational costs were covered by a mix of contributions from individual Bahá'ís and Bahá'í institutions as well as the rental of its facilities for academic and vocational training to government agencies and Non Government Organizations (NGOs). Its staff were Bahá'í volunteers offering their services for determined periods of time. The Bahá'í programs were focused on capacity building of the Mapuche population in order to allow for self-administration at the grass roots level, which included practical as well as spiritual content. It has often been used for government training programs in the areas of health, drug prevention, agriculture and rural education.	Labranza Training Institute, Chile; Social and economic development; NSA; Chile
1993 (In the year) 199-	The opening of the Bádi School with an enrollment of 12 students by the Torrez family members in Las Cumbres Villa Zaita, Panamá City, Republic of Panama. They rented a small, dismantled house from the Panama Social Security Agency, remodeled it and closed the garage in order to use it as a classroom. Over the years, two more buildings were added to expand the facility and enrollment capacity to 3200 square meters and 156 students. Badi's first high school graduation was scheduled for 2004, when Badi Tutorial University was scheduled to open its door. [Bádi School , Wiki Bahá'í Faith in Panama]	Badi School, Panama; - Bahá'í inspired schools; Panama
1993 (In the year) 199-	More than 10,000 people became Bahá'ís in Bangladesh. [BINS318:8; BINS319:1]	Mass conversion; Bangladesh
1993 (In the year) 199-	Vice President Ali Salim Al-Beidh quit Saleh's government and returns to Aden in southern Yemen and said he would not return to the government until his grievances had been addressed. These included northern violence against his Yemeni Socialist Party, as well as the economic marginalization of the south. Negotiations to end the political deadlock dragged on into 1994. The government of Prime Minister Haydar Abu Bakr Al-Attas, the former PDRY Prime Minister, became ineffective due to political infighting.	Yemen, Recent history; Yemen


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